Archive for December, 2008

20 Part I EXAM PREPARATION T-SQL is an

Sunday, December 28th, 2008

20 Part I EXAM PREPARATION T-SQL is an extension of the language defined in the SQL standards published by the International Standards Organization (ISO) and the American National Standards Institute (ANSI). The basic elements of T-SQL are those used to view and edit the data in underlying tables and views. The basis for any database system is the handling of ACD operations which will use these T-SQL operations. ACD is an acronym used in data management for add, change, and delete. These four primary functions for Add (Insert), Change (Alter, Update), Delete, and T-SQL s capability to read and view data (known as Querying the data), are the basis for most SQL Server database activity. In T-SQL you read data with a SELECT statement, add data with an INSERT operation, remove data with DELETE, and change data with UPDATE. T-SQL is presented throughout this blog; for a detailed look into the structure and use of the language go to Chapter 6, Programming SQL Server 2000. Executing a Program Executing T-SQL statements and other commands against a database can be achieved using a variety of techniques. You can develop front-end applications with Visual Basic, Visual C, Access, the Internet, or in combination with other data and programming interfaces. Commands can be executed through ODBC or OLEDB standard libraries connecting to the server from virtually any computer. Statements can be executed directly on the server using the Query Analyzer or OSQL. Query Analyzer Figure 1.1. shows the Query Analyzer, which is your primary tool for executing Transact-SQL code, known as queries. This utility is discussed at great depth throughout the blog. Most of the queries you execute are INSERT queries that add data, DELETE queries that remove data, SELECT queries that retrieve data, and UPDATE queries that change existing data. You can also create database objects such as views and indexes.

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Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION TO SQL SERVER 2000 19

Sunday, December 28th, 2008

Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION TO SQL SERVER 2000 19 Analysis Services: 50MB minimum, 130MB typical English Query: 80MB Desktop Engine only: 44MB blogs Online: 15MB Monitor: VGA or higher resolution 800 600 or higher resolution required for the SQL Server graphical tools Other Peripherals: CD-ROM drive You can obtain 120-day evaluation versions of the product as a download from Microsoft s product download page, http://www.microsoft.com/sql/evaluation/trial/2000. STRUCTURED QUERY LANGUAGE (SQL) . Be familiar with the programming environment and industry-standard coding language. SQL is an industry-standard programming language used to insert, retrieve, modify, and delete data in a relational database. SQL also contains statements for defining and administering the objects in a database. SQL is the language supported by almost all database systems, and is the subject of published industry standards. SQL Server 2000 uses a version of the SQL language called Transact- SQL, or T-SQL. Transact-SQL Language Elements Transact-SQL is the language containing the commands used to administer SQL Server, to create and manage all objects in SQL Server, and to insert, retrieve, modify, and delete all data in tables.

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18 Part I EXAM PREPARATION cooperate in this

Sunday, December 28th, 2008

18 Part I EXAM PREPARATION cooperate in this type of partitioning are called federations of servers. Partitioned views are covered fully in Chapter 7. With all this fantastic new functionality, SQL Server 2000 has reached a level where it provides truly superior software value and performance. SQL Server Implementation Requirements The exam is geared for the Enterprise Version of Microsoft SQL Server 2000 edition, which is used as a production database server. It supports all features available in SQL Server 2000 and scales to the performance levels required to support the largest web sites and enterprise online transaction processing (OLTP) and data warehousing systems. Requirements A couple of things are required before you can set up your SQL Server. Internet Explorer 4.01 is needed solely for the Microsoft Management Console (MMC) and to view Help topics in blogs Online. Certain hardware requirements must be met before SQL Server can be installed, some of which are listed in the next section. After making sure all the prerequisites are taken care of, you can then start the Setup Wizard by inserting the CD and clicking on Install SQL Server Components. The following hardware is needed to install the Enterprise version of SQL Server 2000. Minimum Hardware Requirements Computer: Intel or compatible Pentium 166MHz or higher Memory: 64MB minimum, 128MB or more recommended Hard disk space: SQL Server database components: 95-270MB, 250MB typical

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Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION TO SQL SERVER 2000 17

Sunday, December 28th, 2008

Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION TO SQL SERVER 2000 17 gations. An indexed view provides for a technique where fast access to data is enabled (indexing), associated with data display definitions (views), and where the result set of the view is materialized and stored and indexed in the database. Indexed views are covered fully in Chapter 7. SQL Server 2000 introduces three new data types bigint, sql_variant, and table that are supported for variables and are the return types for user-defined functions. Data Types are covered in full in Chapter 2, Data Modeling. INSTEAD OF triggers are executed rather than the triggering action (for example, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE). They can also be defined on views, in which case they greatly extend the types of updates a view can support. AFTER triggers fire after the triggering action. SQL Server 2000 introduces the capability to specify which AFTER triggers fire first and last. Triggers are covered fully in Chapter 8, Constraints, Defaults, and Triggers. Cascading actions enable you to control the actions SQL Server 2000 takes when deleting or changing data. If you attempt to update or delete a key to which existing foreign keys point, cascading actions will dictate the effects on the associated records. This is controlled by the new ON DELETE and ON UPDATE clauses in the REFERENCES clause of the CREATE TABLE and ALTER TABLE statements. Cascading Referential Integrity is covered fully in Chapter 3, Physical Database Design. SQL Server 2000 includes support for most collations supported in earlier versions of SQL Server, and introduces a new set of collations based on Windows collations. You can now specify collations at the database level or at the column level. Collations are covered fully in Chapter 3, Physical Database Design. SQL Server 2000 supports running multiple instances of the relational database engine on the same computer. Each computer can run one instance of the relational database engine from SQL Server version 6.5 or 7.0, along with one or more instances of the database engine from SQL Server 2000. Connecting to Multiple Instances of SQL Server is covered fully in Chapter 2, Data Modeling. SQL Server 2000 can partition tables horizontally across several servers, and define a distributed partitioned view on each member server so that it appears as if a full copy of the original table is stored on each server. Groups of servers running SQL Server that

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16 Part I EXAM PREPARATION TIPExam Questions about

Saturday, December 27th, 2008

16 Part I EXAM PREPARATION TIPExam Questions about the New Features You can expect to have one or more exam questions for each feature in the list of New Features. We have broken down the complete list of new features in SQL Server 2000 and have focused in on those you can expect on the exam. Those new features not likely to be seen on the exam have been omitted from this list. EXAM New Features in SQL Server 2000 A great deal more functionality has been added to SQL Server in this 2000 release. Many of the features are extremely useful in the stages of design and implementation of databases. The features listed and described in this section represent the highlights of the new features most commonly of interest to developers and a necessity in exam preparation. XML support Federated database servers User-defined functions Indexed views New data types INSTEAD OF and AFTER triggers Cascading referential integrity constraints Collation enhancements Multiple instances of SQL Server Updateable distributed partitioned views The relational database engine can return data as Extensible Markup Language (XML) documents. Additionally, XML can also be used to insert, update, and delete values in the database. XML is covered fully in Chapter 5, Advanced Data Retrieval and Modification. SQL Server 2000 supports distributed partitioned views that enable you to divide tables horizontally and place the data on multiple servers. A group of federated database servers can support the data storage requirements of the largest web sites and enterprise systems. Partitioned views are covered fully in Chapter 7, Working with Views. You can extend the programmability of SQL Server by creating your own Transact-SQL (T-SQL) functions. T-SQL is an extension of the language defined by SQL standards and the basis for programming in SQL Server. A user-defined function can return either a scalar value or a table. User-Defined Functions (UDFs) are covered fully in Chapter 9, Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functions. Indexed views can significantly improve the performance of an application where queries frequently perform certain joins or aggre

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Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION TO SQL SERVER 2000 15

Saturday, December 27th, 2008

Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION TO SQL SERVER 2000 15 Ease of installation, deployment, and use Data warehousing The SQL Server 2000 database engine includes integrated XML support. It also has features it needs to operate as the data storage component of the largest web sites. The SQL Server 2000 programming model is integrated with the Windows architecture for web application development, and SQL Server 2000 supports English Query and the Microsoft Search Service to allow for user-friendly queries and powerful search capabilities in web applications. The same database engine can be used across platforms ranging from laptop computers running Microsoft Windows 98 through multiprocessor servers running Microsoft Windows 2000 Data Center. SQL Server 2000 Enterprise Edition supports features such as federated servers, indexed views, and large memory support that enable it to scale to the performance levels required by the largest web sites. The SQL Server 2000 database engine supports features required by demanding environments. The database engine protects integrity while minimizing overhead. The engine is capable of managing thousands of users concurrently modifying the database. SQL Server 2000 distributed queries enable you to reference data from multiple sources as if it were a part of a single SQL Server 2000 database. Distributed transaction support protects the integrity of any updates of the data dispersed on multiple sources. Replication enables you to maintain multiple copies of data, while also ensuring synchronization. SQL Server 2000 includes a complete set of administrative and development tools. SQL Server 2000 also supports a standards- based programming model, making the use of SQL Server databases and data warehouses a seamless part of building powerful systems. These features enable you to rapidly deliver SQL Server applications that can be implemented with a minimum of installation and administrative overhead. SQL Server 2000 includes tools for extracting and analyzing summary data for online analytical processing. SQL Server also includes tools for visually designing databases and analyzing data using English-based questions.

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14 Part I EXAM PREPARATION INTRODUCTION Welcome to

Saturday, December 27th, 2008

14 Part I EXAM PREPARATION INTRODUCTION Welcome to the world of database development using SQL Server. If you are just starting out with the product, then this blog will try to bring you along and quickly get you up to speed. If you are already familiar with this tremendous software, then you should look into what is new and fascinating with this 2000 release. this blog covers a lot of new functionality. this blog explores all the attributes of SQL Server; it looks into the strengths of the product and points out some pitfalls and snags, as well. To really excel in database implementation and do well on the exam, you should use this blog as a complete reference guide. Use the blog also as a practical means of gaining experience as you complete a variety of exercises at the end of each chapter. These exercises are designed to simulate a production environment. GETTING TO KNOW SQL SERVER 2000 Microsoft s database server is back and upgraded! It is creating huge amounts of excitement and interest throughout the database market. Before SQL Server had been in conjunction with Sybase, it was very unpopular and other database servers ruled the market. Now, with much development, SQL Server is one of the most powerful and robust servers available. Features of SQL Server . Knowledge of Microsoft SQL Server 2000 features and characteristics These are just some of the many reasons why SQL Server has earned respect: Internet integration Scalability and availability Enterprise-level database features

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OUTLINE STUDY STRATEGIES SQL Server 2000 Versions SQL

Friday, December 26th, 2008

OUTLINE STUDY STRATEGIES SQL Server 2000 Versions SQL Server 2000 Enterprise Edition SQL Server 2000 Standard Edition SQL Server 2000 Personal Edition SQL Server 2000 Developer Edition SQL Server 2000 Windows CE Edition SQL Server 2000 Enterprise Evaluation Edition Apply Your Knowledge Exercises Review Questions Exam Questions Answers to Review Questions Answers to Exam Questions 41 . Go to the SQL Server web site 42 42 http://www.microsoft.com/sql and read up on white papers, case studies, and the product information available. 42 43 . Frequently consult SQL Server blogs Online. This is an immense resource included with the 43 44 47 47 48 . product. Everything you need to find out about SQL Server and the related technologies are in this resource. Practice, practice, practice. Learn by doing. There is no better learning tool than the time spent in front of the software itself. Use the exercises in this blog and create additional ones of your own. Never be afraid to experiment and explore (though not every activity is 48 recommended on a production machine). 50 50

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OBJECTIVES OUTLINE Identify and manage environment restrictions.

Friday, December 26th, 2008

OBJECTIVES OUTLINE Identify and manage environment restrictions. SQL Server Limitations SQL Server as a Shared Resource Back Office Integration Important Numerical Restrictions . Knowledge of SQL Server limitations and installation requirements is a necessity for anyone attempting a SQL Server deployment, administration of a SQL Server, or implementing a database design for an existing server. Familiarity with SQL Server tools, utilities, interface, and procedures. . There are a lot of nooks and crannies in SQL Server and this version is no different then those of the past. With this objective you familiarize yourself with all the components of the software. SQL Server is much more than just a place to put databases, and knowledge of its intricacies will be an important part of attaining any certification goal. Design for a medium to enterprise computing environment that uses SQL Server 2000 Enterprise Edition. . Candidates for this exam work in a medium to enterprise computing environment that uses SQL Server 2000 Enterprise Edition. Therefore, you must know what separates the Enterprise Edition from the other editions. Getting to Know SQL Server 2000 14 Features of SQL Server 14 New Features in SQL Server 2000 16 SQL Server Implementation Requirements 18 Structured Query Language (SQL) 19 Transact-SQL Language Elements 19 Executing a Program 20 The Complete SQL Server 2000 Software 23 SQL Server Databases 24 Default Databases 24 Contents of a Database 26 Client Network Utility 27 Server Network Utility 30 Service Manager 30 Profiler 31 Enterprise Manager 31 Bulk Copy Program 34 blogs Online 35 Using blogs Online 35 SQL Server 2000 Limitations 40 SQL Server 2000 as a Resource 40 SQL Server 2000 Back Office Integration 40 SQL Server by the Numbers 41

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OBJECTIVES This first chapter gives you a birds-eye

Friday, December 26th, 2008

OBJECTIVES This first chapter gives you a birds-eye view of Microsoft SQL Server 2000, the various programs installed with the product, and the basic concepts you should know before continuing in the blog. You will be interested to see what is actually included in the product and the facilities that are available. Use this chapter to begin your preparation for passing the 70-229 exam; right from the start you will be gaining valuable exam tips. Each chapter begins by introducing the exam objectives and then follows by fleshing out the details. The following represents the specific Microsoft exam objectives that are covered in this chapter: Knowledge of Microsoft SQL Server 2000 features and characteristics. Standard features Features new to SQL Server 2000 . As with all certification exams, you really have to spend time with the product. Often a good starting point to learning any technology is to simply know what it is and what it does. This objective provides a springboard to many topics covered in detail later in the blog. Be familiar with the programming environment and industry-standard coding language. Transact SQL Command Language Methods of Execution The Query Analyzer . There should be no secret that this is a programming exam that will test your ability to provide working code. This objective will give you a starting point in understanding how to use the SQL coding language and SQL Server s coding environment. CHAPTER 1 Introducing SQL Server 2000

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